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Department of Aeronautical Engineering
AE 1203-Elements of Aeronautics
PART A
April/May 2010
1. Define Ornitopter. Who invented it?
2. What are secondary control surfaces?
3. Define biplane interference.
4. Define Aerodynamic centre.
5. Explain the term 'Empennage'.
6. What is tropopause?
7. What is the use of stiffness?
8. What are TAS and IAS?
9. Why is titanium suitable as airframe material for supersonic aircraft?
10. The rocket can move in vacuum. Is it actual or false? Justify.
NOV/DEC 2008
11. What are high lift devices? What has prompted their development?
12. What is the basic difference ranging from a hot air balloon and an aircraft?
13. What is equivalent air speed? How is it related to actual air speed?
14. What are the functions of ailerons in an aircraft?
15. Define Troposphere and temperature lapse rate.
16. Define aerodynamic centre.
17. Enumerate the stiffener shapes used in aircraft fuselage shell.
18. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of composite materials for aircraft structures?
19. State the propellant burning configurations possible in solid propellant motors.
20. What are hyperbolic propellants? provide an example.
APRIL/MAY 2008
21. Distinguish ranging from biplane and mono plane aircraft (Repeated question)
22. Why is it that turbo fan engine is very widely used in commercial aircraft
23. What is the role of rudder
24. What is tropopause
25. What is a cambered air-foil
26. What are the components of a modern air-plane (name any four) for which aluminium alloy is used
27. What are the main structural components of an aircraft wing
28. What are the limitations of a piston engines for aircraft propulsion
29. Define specific impulse of a rocket
30. Why is it that titanium is suitable as airframe material for supersonic aircraft
NOV/DEC 2007
31. Distinguish ranging from air breathing propulsion and rocket propulsion.
32. What are the new kinds of alloys used now-a-days for airframe construction of modern aircraft?
33. Name any 4 components of airframe of an air-plane and mention their functions.
34. What is stratopause?
35. Define Mach number.
36. What are the general kinds of construction of an air-plane structure?
37. What are the general considerations for the fuselage design of an air-plane. Name any two.
38. What is the basic operating principle of a piston engine?
39. Define specific impulse of a rocket.
40. What is jet thrust?
MAY/JUNE 2007
41. Distinguish ranging from a glider and a sail plane
42. What are control tabs and for what purpose they are used
43. What is the purpose of turn and slip indicator
44. Define international standard atmosphere (ISA) and discuss its significance
45. What are the effects of large camber on the flow over the upper surface of the wing
46. What are the most common manoeuvres usually classed under the heading of aero
47. What are the general kind of construction of a fuselage structure
48. What are the factors that influence the selection of the structural materials for an aircraft
49. What are the requirements of a good power plant
50. Why does the blade angle of a propeller reduce from boss to tip
NOV / DEC 2006
51. Differentiate ranging from biplane and monoplane.
52. State the 2 types of aircraft.
53. Differentiate ranging from conventional control and powered control.
54. What are the basic instruments for flying?
55. Define 'absolute altitude'.
56. Explain 'Mach Number'.
57. Differentiate ranging from Monocoque construction and semi-monocoque construction.
58. Enumerate the composite materials.
59. What is 'Ramjet' engine?
60. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of rocket propulsion?
MAY / JUNE 2006
61. Write down the principle difference ranging from lighter than air and heavier than air-planes
62. What are biplane and monoplane/ Write down the advantages and disadvantages of biplane over monoplanes
63. Sketch the push-pull rod control actuation for aileron operation
64. List out the difference classification of flight vehicles
65. What are TAS and IAS
66. Define AR, Camber of an air-foil
67. Differentiate ranging from Pratt and Warren trusses of the fuselage constructions
68. What are the functions of Ribs and Spars
69. Write down the difference ranging from reciprocating and Gas turbine engines
70. Classify various kinds of rocket engine
NOV / DEC 2005
71. Differentiate ranging from anhedral and dihedral.
72. What do you mean by "Absolute ceiling"?
73. What is the purpose of elevator?
74. Enumerate the engine instruments.
75. Define 'Air foil'.
76. What is 'aerodynamic centre'?
77. Explain the term 'Empennage'.
78. State the uses of titanium alloys in aircraft industry.
79. Define 'specific impulse' of rockets.
80. What is cryogenic propellant? provide example.
81. Distinguish ranging from air breathing propulsion and rocket propulsion
82. What are the new kinds of alloys used now days for airframe construction of modern aircraft?
83. Name any 4 components of airframe of an air-plane and mention their functions
84. What is stratopause?
85. Define Mach number
86. What are the general kinds of constructions of an air-plane structure?
87. What are the general considerations for the fuselage design of an air-plane.
88. What is basic operating principle of a piston engine?
89. Define specific impulse of a rocket.
90. What is jet thrust?
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PART A
APRIL/MAY 2010
1. (i) Which factors limit the speed of the current day commercial aircraft?
(ii) Bring out the essential differences in the structural design approaches of fuselage with respect to early air-planes and modern air-planes.
2. (i) discuss how modern developments in aerodynamics and aerospace materials influenced aircraft design.
(ii) elaborate the special requirements of aircraft power plant?
3. (i) Draw the 3 views of a small light aircraft?
(ii) discuss with neat sketch the components of an air-plane and their functions.
4. (i) How are air-planes classified? explain the different kinds of flight vehicles with sketch.
(ii)Name the basic instruments for flying and discuss the principles of operation of Fly By Wire system.
5. (i) What is International Standard Atmosphere? define the basic structure of atmosphere with a neat sketch.
(ii) Derive relations for pressure and temperature variations with altitude in troposphere.
6. (i) Sketch a typical aerofoil and discuss how the lifts are generated by free stream air flow.
(ii) describe induced drag. How is it generated in the air-plane?
7. (i) discuss the kinds of various fuselage constructions with neat sketches.
(ii) Draw the graph ranging from lift coefficients versus drag coefficients for an aircraft.
8. Write short notes on:
1. Wing constructions
2. Composite materials and its merits
9. (i) Sketch a typical liquid propellant rocket and name the important components. elaborate the advantages of liquid propellant rocket over solid propellant rocket?
(ii)Write merits and demerits of the ramjet engine..
10. (i) discuss the principle of operation of a turbo prop engine. elaborate the advantages of turboprop engine?
(ii) Write the merits and demerits of a Jet engine over a piston engine.
NOV/DEC 2008
11. (i) elaborate the advantages and disadvantages of monoplanes compared to biplanes?
(ii) discuss why swept back wing concept has been developed.
(iii) explain the advantages of carry through structures connecting cantilever wings.
2. Describe a Ramjet engine and compare its working principle with SCRAMJET and turbojet engines.
13. Describe the major components of an aeroplane with a neat sketch and discuss their functions.
14. (i) Enumerate the basic instruments used for flying.
(ii) define the flight instruments measuring ATTITUDE of an aircraft.
15. (i) explain the temperature variation with altitude of standard atmosphere and classify the atmospheric layers.
(ii) Derive the expressions relating the standard atmosphere values of pressure, density and temperature at any altitude in the troposphere with that of sea level values.
16. (i) define an aerofoil and discuss its nomenclature.
(ii) describe centre of pressure, coefficient of pressure and Mach number.
(iii) Express lift and drag of an aerofoil in terms of normal and axial forces.
17. Explain how aero plane wings are constructed and indicate the option of materials for the main components.
18. (i) Write a short note on composite materials and their applications to aircraft construction.
(ii) explain briefly the option of material for aircraft engine components.
(iii) explain the need for Alclad aluminium alloys for aircraft structures.
19. (i) With a neat sketch discuss the principle of operation of a turbo prop engine.
(ii) What is a cryogenic rocket engine? discuss.
20. (i) Thrust produced by an aircraft engine is best discussed by Newton's 3rd legal regulations of motion. True/False? Justify your ans.
(ii) describe propeller efficiency.
(iii) define a turbofan engine with a neat sketch and discuss why the efficiency of this engine is better than a turbojet engine.
APRIL/MAY 2008
21. (i) Briefly discuss how the modern developments in the subjects of aerodynamics and aerospace materials influenced aircraft design.
(ii) Bring out the essential differences in the structural design approaches of fuselage with respect to early air-planes and modern planes.
22. (i) Briefly discuss why jet engines changed piston engines in aircraft propulsion with modern developments?
(ii) What factors limit the speed of current day commercial aircraft?
23. (i) explain the classification of flight vehicles with respect to principle of operation and configuration
(ii) Name the basic instruments for flying and discuss the principles of operation of any 2 with illustrations
24. (i) Distinguish ranging from conventional control and powered control of aircraft. Bring out the essential differences. elaborate the limitations of conventional control?
(ii) Sketch a typical system for control actuation. discuss the operation. elaborate the latest developments in control actuation systems?
25. (i) What is International Standard Atmosphere? define the basic structures of atmosphere with a neat sketch.
(ii) Derive relations for pressure and temperature variations with altitude.
26. (i) Sketch a typical air-foil and discuss how lift, drag and moment are generated when acting a pre-stream. What is the effect of angle of attach on the pressure distribution on the surface of the air-foil?
(ii) describe Mach number. How is it related to the temperature of the medium? What is the effect of Mach number on the drag of an air-foil?
27. Write Short notes on the following:
(i) Monocoque construction and
(ii) Geodesic construction of air-plane structures
28. (i) What is the role of composite materials in the modern air-plane construction? elaborate the prime components of the modern air-plane which are considered for composite materials?
(ii) Which parts/components of an air-plane can be made of stainless steel? elaborate the functional requirements of such components?
29. (i) Sketch a schematic diagram of a turboprop engine mark all the subsystems and discuss their functions, elaborate the limitations of turboprop engine?
(ii) Illustrate the principle of operation of a solid propellant rocket with a neat sketch. elaborate the advantages of solid propellant rocket?
30. (i) Sketch a typical liquid propellant rocket power plant and name the important components. elaborate the advantages of liquid propellant rockets over solid propellant rocket?
(ii) elaborate the applications of a turbojet engine? How does thrust vary with altitude and flight velocity for turbojet?
NOV/DEC 2007
31. With neat illustrations, discuss in detail the salient features of air-planes with biplane and monoplane design from aerodynamics point of view. Bring out the advantages and limitations of every kind.
32. Briefly define the modern developments in aircraft design with respect to the following:
New air-foil profiles, new fuselage designs, gas turbine engine powered propulsion system and flight control systems.
33. (i) explain the classification of flight vehicles. Mention the criteria for classification.
(ii) elaborate the salient features of monologue construction of an air-plane structure?
34. (i) Name any 2 basic instruments for flying. With illustrations discuss their operating principle.
(ii) With neat sketch, discuss the construction of a typical aircraft wing. Show all the structural components of wing construction and mention the kinds of loads/stresses experienced by the structural members.
35. Write short notes on the following:
(i) Geodesic constructions
(ii) Use of composite materials for aircraft structures.
36. Explain the following:
(i) Application of semi-monologue constructions for aircraft structures.
(ii) Use of titanium and composite materials for aircraft components and the need for such materials.
37. (i) What is international standard atmosphere? How are the different regions of atmosphere classified?
(ii) With neat illustration, define how lift and drag are produced, when an air-foil is placed in a uniform air flow.
38. (i) discuss how pressure, temperature and altitude are related in the mathematical representation of atmospheric property variations with altitude.
(ii) Draw a typical sketch of an air-foil and identify the important terminology with respect to its geometrical features. Draw any 2 NACA air-foils and discuss their nomenclature.
39. (i) Bring out the essential differences ranging from piston kind engines and jet engines for aircraft propulsion.
(ii) elaborate the applications of rockets? How are they classified?
40. (i) discuss how a propeller produces thrust for aircraft propulsion.
(ii) elaborate the merits and limitations of turbojet engines?
MAY/JUNE 2007
41. (i) Derive the relationship ranging from pressure and temperature in the region of stratosphere and troposphere.
42. (ii) compute the pressure and density at 800 m and 11000 m in the international standard atmosphere. The pressure at sea level is 101325 N/m², the sea level temperature is 288 K and lapse rate is 0.0065 K/m.
43. (i) describe Mach number and classify the flows based on Mac number range.
(ii) discuss indicated air speed, equivalent airspeed, and actual airspeed of an aircraft
(iii) What is meant by Magnus effect?
44. (i) How do you achieve longitudinal, lateral and directional controls in an aircraft?
(ii) Sketch a typical 3 view diagram of an aircraft.
(iii) elaborate the conventional kinds of landing gears used in aircraft?
45. (i) discuss with neat sketches the construction and working of an airspeed indicator.
(ii) elaborate the functions of flaps, winglets and slats?
(iii) describe boundary layer.
46. (i) describe an aerofoil and what is aerodynamic efficiency?
(ii) What is the reason of wing tip vortices? What is meant by induced drag and what is the effect of aspect ratio on induced drag?
(iii) elaborate streamlined and bluff bodies?
47. (i)Explain with neat sketches the constructional details of a wing assembly.
(ii) Distinguish ranging from monocoque and semi-monocoque structure.
48. Explain in detail the main groups of materials used in aircraft construction.
49. (i) discuss with neat sketches the operating principle of Turbo propeller engine. elaborate its advantages and limitations?
(ii) discuss why ramjet engine is not self starting kind.
50. (i) What is the working principle of an air-breathing engine?
(ii) elaborate the relative merits and demerits of turbo jet and bypass engines?
(iii) elaborate the advantages and limitations of rocket propulsion?
NOV/DEC 2006
51. With the help of diagram, discuss the elements of the 4 stroke, internal combustion, reciprocating engine in detail.
52. (i) discuss the term 'Biplane Interferrence'.
(ii) discuss the forces acting on an aeroplane.
(iii) What is 'aspect ratio'?
53. (i) Enumerate the components used in an aeroplane and discuss the purpose of every component.
(ii) discuss with a neat sketch, the working principle of any 1 instrument used for flying.
54. With the help of sketches discuss the subsequent.
(i) Longitudinal control
(ii) Lateral control
(iii) Directional control.
55. (i) discuss the terms
(1) Nose-Heavy
(2) Tail-Heavy
(ii) explain the pressure distribution round a using part.
56. (i) discuss the ways an aircraft will be have when disturbed from its path(Degrees of stability)
(ii) discuss the terms rolling, pitching and yawing.
57. (i) State the importance of composite materials used in aircraft constructions
(ii) Briefly explain the application of aluminum alloy and titanium in aircraft industry.
58. Discuss in detail with the help of sketches, the constructions of typical using and fuselage structure.
59. With the help of diagram, discuss the working and operation of turbojet engine.
60. (i) Enumerate the kinds of rockets.
(ii) discuss with the help of a sketch, the principle of operation of rocket.
MAY/JUNE 2006
61. (i) elaborate the different requirements of an aircraft power plant?
(ii) discuss the working of jet engine with neat sketch and explain the merits and demerits
62. Explain with neat sketch the components of an airplane and their functions.
63. How the airplanes are classified? explain about different kinds of flight vehicles with sketch wherever possible.
64. (i) Sketch the lift coefficient versus angle of attach for various aspect ratios.
(ii) describe center of pressure and aerodynamic centre.
(iii)Derive an expression for the speed of sound.
65. (i) Write short notes on International Standard Atmosphere?
(ii) compute the pressure and density at 8000m and 30000m in the international standard atmosphere. The pressure at sea level is 101325 N/m², the sea level temperature is 288 K and the lapse rate is 0.0065 K/m.
(iii) describe and discuss the significance of the following:
1. Bernoulli's theorem
2. Anhedral and Dihedral angle
66. (i) explain the relative merits and demerits of the different materials used in aircraft construction.
(ii) Write short notes on composite materials and their merits.
67. (i) Differentiate ranging from semi-monocoque and Monocoque fuselage structures.
(ii) discuss the construction details of wing assembly.
(iii) elaborate the forces encountered on aircraft structures during cruising?
68. (i) discuss with neat sketches the construction and working of solid propellant rocket engine system.
(ii) Distinguish ranging from turbo-jet and turbo-prop engines.
69. (i) discuss with neat sketches the constructional details and working of a bypass engine and elaborate its merits and demerits in comparison with turbojet engine?
(ii) elaborate the methods of thrust augmentation?
NOV/DEC 2005
70. Explain in detail:
(i) Static stability with example.
(ii) Dynamic stability with example.
71. (i) describe standard atmosphere.
(ii) State the Bernoulli's principle.
(iii) discuss its application of subsonic flow.
(iv) State the 4 forces acting on an aircraft in flight.
72. (i) describe Lift (L), Drag (D) and Pitching moment (M).
(ii) State the points to be observed for pressure distribution on an aerofoil.
(iii) Enumerate the 6 factors of an ideal aerofoil.
73. Explain the kinds of fuselage constructions with sketches.
74. (i) discuss in detail about the fundamental designs on which the using construction is based.
(ii) Draw and indicate the common wing forms.
(iii) Enumerate the main structural parts of a wing.
75. Describe with a neat diagram, a basic hydraulic system with hand pump.
76. Describe the operation of turbojet engine with a neat diagram.
77. (i) State and classifications of rocket engines.
(ii) State the advantages and disadvantages of liquid propellants rocket engine over other kinds.
78. Explain the operation of a solid of a solid propellant rocket motor with a neat diagram
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