University: Annamalai University
Course: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Subject : SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Year of Question Paper : 2010
Reg. No. ________
Karunya University
(Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences)
(Declared as Deemed to be University under Sec.3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
End Semester Examination – November/December 2010
Subject Title: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS FOR MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Time : 3 hours
Subject Code: 09CE3102 Maximum Marks: 100
Answer ALL questions (5 x 20 = 100 Marks)
1.Compulsory:
a. Though simulation is not an optimization technique, it is by far the most widely used method for evaluating alternate water resources systems and plans. Discuss with examples. (5)
b. Explain the procedure of simulation for reservoir operation for hydropower generation.(15)
2. a. Present two definitions of ‘Hydrosystems’(4) b. Explain briefly the concept of a system bringing out its characteristics.(6)
c. With the help of a flow diagram, depict the conventional procedure of design and analysis of a system. Discuss briefly the effectiveness of conventional procedures. (10)
(OR)
3. a. Enumerate and briefly explain the classification of optimization problems. (10)
b. Enumerate the various categories of uncertainties in hydrosystem design and analysis and discuss briefly any two of them.(10)
4. a.Linear Programming (LP) models have been applied extensively to optimal resource allocation problems. What are the basic characteristics of LP models? Express the general form of an LP model. How can the expanded form of LP model be expressed in algebraic form? How an LP model can be concisely expressed? (10)
b.A system is composed of a manufacturing factory and a waste treatment plant. The manufacturing plant produces finished goods; the selling price for 1 unit of finished goods is Rs.100,000. The cost of production per unit of finished goods is only Rs. 30,000. In the manufacturing plant, for each unit of finished goods produced, two units of waste are generated. The waste generated from the manufacturing plant has to be discharged into the nearby water course. While discharging the waste, it has to be kept in mind that the water quality requirements of the watercourse as laid down by the concerned regulating authority must be met. The waste treatment plant has a maximum capacity of treating 10 units of waste with 80% waste removal efficiency at a treatment cost of
Rs. 6,000 per unit of waste. An effluent tax of Rs. 20,000 is imposed for each unit of waste discharged into the watercourse. The water pollution control authority has set up an upper limit of 4 units on the quantity of waste that any manufacturer may discharge. The total net benefit to the company has to be maximized.
i. Identify the components of the system and their interconnections. From the description of the inter relationship between the components, present a schematic configuration of the system under study. While presenting such a configuration, work out the amount of waste in each branch.(8)
ii. Identify the problem objective and constraints.(2)
(OR)
5. a.List the various assumptions in Linear Programming Models and indicate what each assumption implies.(6)
b.Graphical method is one simple way to solve an LP problem. But, what is its major limitation? How the feasible space can be defined for an LP problem involving two non-negative decision variable x1 and x2?
Consider Figure, what the x – axis and the y – axis represent? What is represented by each solid line? What is represented by the two arrows by each line? Identify the feasible space in the Figure. Let the objective function be to maximize x0 = 5x1 – x2. What is indicated by the line x0 = 5x1 – x2 = 0? Explain the usefulness of this line in obtaining the optimal solution to the problem. What is the optimal solution? (14)
6. Consider a quantity of water Q that can be allocated to three water users, denoted by the index, j = 1, 2 and 3. The problem is to determine the allocation xj to each user j that maximizes the total net benefits. The gross benefit resulting from an allocation xj to user j is approximated by the function aj[1–exp(-bj xj)], where aj and bj are known positive constants. The costs are defined by the concave functions cjxjdj, where cj and dj are known positive constants and dj is less than one. Table gives the values of the user net-benefit function NBj(xj).
a. Using a sketch illustrate this allocation problem as a sequential allocation process. (5)
b. Define the decision stages and the decision variables in this problem (2)
c. Write the water allocation model for this problem. (3)
d. Develop the recursive equation for solving the problem. (10)
Values of User Net-Benefit Functions NBj(xj)
xj NB1(x1) NB2(x2) NB3(x3)
0 0 0 0
1 - 0.5 6.5 - 6.9
2 3.0 10.1 0
3 6.6 10.9 6.3
4 10.0 9.6 11.5
5 13.1 7.0 15.6
(OR)
7. a. With the aid of water resources development project finding allocation problem as an example, describe the general philosophy of the dynamic programming technique. Also discuss how dynamic programming can overcome the shortcomings of an exhaustive enumeration procedure.(10)
b.Discuss briefly the elements of Dynamic Programming Model with the example discussed in Question 7 a. (10)
8.An irrigation project is to be developed. There are 1800 acre-feet of water available annually. Two high-value specialty crops, A and B, are considered for which water consumption requirements are 3 acre-feet per acre and 2 acre-feet per acre, respectively. It has also been determined that the planting of more than 400 acres to crop A or 600 acres to crop B would cause an adverse effect on the market for these special crops. It has been estimated that each acre devoted to crop A will result in Rs. 15,000 profit, while an acre of crop B will net Rs. 25,000. Structure the LP model for this problem and obtain the solution graphically.
(OR)
9. a. The rationale for benefit-cost analysis is based on two fundamental economic concepts. Enumerate and indicate what they imply? (4)
b. Illustrate the maximization of the benefits obtained from operation of a multi-purpose reservoir (used for irrigation and recreation) when owned by (i) a public agency and (ii) a private agency.(16)
Course: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Subject : SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Year of Question Paper : 2010
Reg. No. ________
Karunya University
(Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences)
(Declared as Deemed to be University under Sec.3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
End Semester Examination – November/December 2010
Subject Title: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS FOR MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Time : 3 hours
Subject Code: 09CE3102 Maximum Marks: 100
Answer ALL questions (5 x 20 = 100 Marks)
1.Compulsory:
a. Though simulation is not an optimization technique, it is by far the most widely used method for evaluating alternate water resources systems and plans. Discuss with examples. (5)
b. Explain the procedure of simulation for reservoir operation for hydropower generation.(15)
2. a. Present two definitions of ‘Hydrosystems’(4) b. Explain briefly the concept of a system bringing out its characteristics.(6)
c. With the help of a flow diagram, depict the conventional procedure of design and analysis of a system. Discuss briefly the effectiveness of conventional procedures. (10)
(OR)
3. a. Enumerate and briefly explain the classification of optimization problems. (10)
b. Enumerate the various categories of uncertainties in hydrosystem design and analysis and discuss briefly any two of them.(10)
4. a.Linear Programming (LP) models have been applied extensively to optimal resource allocation problems. What are the basic characteristics of LP models? Express the general form of an LP model. How can the expanded form of LP model be expressed in algebraic form? How an LP model can be concisely expressed? (10)
b.A system is composed of a manufacturing factory and a waste treatment plant. The manufacturing plant produces finished goods; the selling price for 1 unit of finished goods is Rs.100,000. The cost of production per unit of finished goods is only Rs. 30,000. In the manufacturing plant, for each unit of finished goods produced, two units of waste are generated. The waste generated from the manufacturing plant has to be discharged into the nearby water course. While discharging the waste, it has to be kept in mind that the water quality requirements of the watercourse as laid down by the concerned regulating authority must be met. The waste treatment plant has a maximum capacity of treating 10 units of waste with 80% waste removal efficiency at a treatment cost of
Rs. 6,000 per unit of waste. An effluent tax of Rs. 20,000 is imposed for each unit of waste discharged into the watercourse. The water pollution control authority has set up an upper limit of 4 units on the quantity of waste that any manufacturer may discharge. The total net benefit to the company has to be maximized.
i. Identify the components of the system and their interconnections. From the description of the inter relationship between the components, present a schematic configuration of the system under study. While presenting such a configuration, work out the amount of waste in each branch.(8)
ii. Identify the problem objective and constraints.(2)
(OR)
5. a.List the various assumptions in Linear Programming Models and indicate what each assumption implies.(6)
b.Graphical method is one simple way to solve an LP problem. But, what is its major limitation? How the feasible space can be defined for an LP problem involving two non-negative decision variable x1 and x2?
Consider Figure, what the x – axis and the y – axis represent? What is represented by each solid line? What is represented by the two arrows by each line? Identify the feasible space in the Figure. Let the objective function be to maximize x0 = 5x1 – x2. What is indicated by the line x0 = 5x1 – x2 = 0? Explain the usefulness of this line in obtaining the optimal solution to the problem. What is the optimal solution? (14)
6. Consider a quantity of water Q that can be allocated to three water users, denoted by the index, j = 1, 2 and 3. The problem is to determine the allocation xj to each user j that maximizes the total net benefits. The gross benefit resulting from an allocation xj to user j is approximated by the function aj[1–exp(-bj xj)], where aj and bj are known positive constants. The costs are defined by the concave functions cjxjdj, where cj and dj are known positive constants and dj is less than one. Table gives the values of the user net-benefit function NBj(xj).
a. Using a sketch illustrate this allocation problem as a sequential allocation process. (5)
b. Define the decision stages and the decision variables in this problem (2)
c. Write the water allocation model for this problem. (3)
d. Develop the recursive equation for solving the problem. (10)
Values of User Net-Benefit Functions NBj(xj)
xj NB1(x1) NB2(x2) NB3(x3)
0 0 0 0
1 - 0.5 6.5 - 6.9
2 3.0 10.1 0
3 6.6 10.9 6.3
4 10.0 9.6 11.5
5 13.1 7.0 15.6
(OR)
7. a. With the aid of water resources development project finding allocation problem as an example, describe the general philosophy of the dynamic programming technique. Also discuss how dynamic programming can overcome the shortcomings of an exhaustive enumeration procedure.(10)
b.Discuss briefly the elements of Dynamic Programming Model with the example discussed in Question 7 a. (10)
8.An irrigation project is to be developed. There are 1800 acre-feet of water available annually. Two high-value specialty crops, A and B, are considered for which water consumption requirements are 3 acre-feet per acre and 2 acre-feet per acre, respectively. It has also been determined that the planting of more than 400 acres to crop A or 600 acres to crop B would cause an adverse effect on the market for these special crops. It has been estimated that each acre devoted to crop A will result in Rs. 15,000 profit, while an acre of crop B will net Rs. 25,000. Structure the LP model for this problem and obtain the solution graphically.
(OR)
9. a. The rationale for benefit-cost analysis is based on two fundamental economic concepts. Enumerate and indicate what they imply? (4)
b. Illustrate the maximization of the benefits obtained from operation of a multi-purpose reservoir (used for irrigation and recreation) when owned by (i) a public agency and (ii) a private agency.(16)
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